Abstract
This study proposes an onset condition of shock-free supersonic vortex breakdown from the axial momentum variation, which applies in the presence or absence of a stagnation point. The condition is derived from a comprehensive approach to vortex breakdown. Supersonic breakdown appeared when the swirl parameter and Mach number were small. Moreover, bubble-type breakdowns with a stagnation point, which occur in subsonic conditions, could not occur under the supersonic condition in the present analysis. The predicted breakdowns under this condition were consistent with the results of the three-dimensional numerical simulations for Mach numbers ranging from 1.5 to 5.0. Supersonic vortex breakdowns were clearly captured by the helicity contours in the numerical results. The threshold of the downstream Mach number required for spiral breakdown with no stagnation point was also theoretically derived and verified in numerical results. These findings provide new insights into vortex breakdown in supersonic flows.
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