Abstract
Urban buses have energy and environmental impacts because they are mostly equipped with heavy-duty diesel engines, having higher emission factors and pollution levels. This study proposed a mean distribution deviation (MDD) method to identify bus pollutant emissions including CO, CO2, HC, and NOX at road sections, intersections, and bus stops for different fuel types; and explore the changes in emissions for different locations in the road sections, bus stops, and intersection influence areas. Bus speed, acceleration, and emissions data were collected from four fuel types in China. For different locations and fuel types, the differences in emissions were all statistically significant. MDD values for different locations indicated that there were more obvious differences in emissions between road sections and intersections. In addition, heat maps were applied in this study to better understand changes in bus emissions for different locations in the bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections.
Highlights
Emissions from motor vehicles are a major source of urban air pollutant emissions, such as nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide [1,2,3,4,5]
This study includes the following three tasks: 1) collect the instantaneous data of speed, acceleration, and emissions under real conditions; 2) identify and compare the pollutant emissions at different locations; and 3) utilize heat maps to explore the changes in emissions for bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections, respectively
To explore the changes in emissions at different locations in the bus stop influence area, intersection influence area, and road section, t-test and mean distribution deviation methods were used: (1) Testing differences in speed, acceleration, and emission values: A t-test was conducted to test the significance of the differences between bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections
Summary
Emissions from motor vehicles are a major source of urban air pollutant emissions, such as nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide [1,2,3,4,5]. Most urban transit buses are equipped with heavy-duty diesel engines, which have higher emission factors and pollution levels [18,19,20,21] To alleviate this shortcoming, there is an increasing number of buses that are switching to use new energy power. This study includes the following three tasks: 1) collect the instantaneous data of speed, acceleration, and emissions under real conditions; 2) identify and compare the pollutant emissions at different locations; and 3) utilize heat maps to explore the changes in emissions for bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections, respectively. The structure of the paper is as follows: Section 2 introduces the proposed methodologies and data collection; Section 3 describes the results and performances by comparison and analysis; and Section 4 summarizes the findings of this study
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