On-line solid-phase extraction using alizarin violet functionalized silica gel for determination of trace lead in environmental samples and wastewater by sequential injection spectrophotometry

Abstract

Trace of Pb(II) has been on-line separated and enriched from environmental samples and wastewater by using the self-made alizarin violet functionalized silica gel micro-column coupling with a sequential injection sampling technology. The determination is based on the color reaction of Pb(II) with iodide and crystal violet to form an ionic association complex in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. The use of the microcolumn can prevent the interference of most familiar metal ions, and therefore improve the selectivity and sensitivity of this analytical technique. The proposed method was used for the determination of Pb(II) in environmental samples and wastewater. No statistically significant difference was observed between the results determined by the present method and atomic absorption spectrometry.