Abstract
An on-line preconcentration system for the simultaneous determination of Copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in water samples was developed and coupled to a microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometer (MIP OES). The flow injection system was designed with a minicolumn packed with sisal fiber (Agave sisalana). A multivariate experimental design was performed to evaluate the influence of pH, preconcentration time, and eluent concentration. Optimal conditions for sample preparation were pH 5.5, preconcentration time was 90 s, and HCl 0.5 mol L−1 was the eluent. The main figures of merit were detection limits 3.7 and 9.0 µg L−1 for Cu and Mn, respectively. Precision was expressed as a relative standard deviation better than 10%. Accuracy was evaluated via spiked recovery assays with recoveries between 75–125%. The enrichment factor was 30 for both analytes. These results were adequate for water samples analysis for monitoring purposes. The preconcentration system was coupled and synchronized with the MIP OES nebulizer to allow simultaneous determination of Cu and Mn as a novel sample introduction strategy. The sampling rate was 20 samples/h. Sisal fiber resulted an economical biosorbent for trace element preconcentration without extra derivatization steps and with an awfully time of use without replacement complying with the principles of green analytical methods.
Highlights
The determination of trace elements in water samples is of interest both to help us understand more about the levels of essential elements, as well as those that are potentially toxic
The use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can achieve the ionization of elements with a high efficiency, achieving low detection limits, so they are the first choice when working at trace and ultra-trace levels [6]
A minicolumn packed with a biosorbent was placed in a 6-port valve preconcentation
Summary
The determination of trace elements in water samples is of interest both to help us understand more about the levels of essential elements, as well as those that are potentially toxic. The use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can achieve the ionization of elements with a high efficiency, achieving low detection limits (ng L−1 ), so they are the first choice when working at trace and ultra-trace levels [6]. As a disadvantage, they have a high investment cost, maintenance, and a high consumption of argon during operation. This disadvantage is detrimental to its wider application in trace or ultra-trace element analysis [7]
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