Abstract
Ever since the discovery of artificially produced radioactivity in nuclear reactions, a major experimental challenge has been to separate the many different reaction products from the bulk target material in order to be able to study the properties of particular product nuclei under sufficiently clean conditions. One of the most efficient methods, which has now evolved to a high degree of sophistication, is the on-line mass separator, also called the on-line isotope separator or ISOL. Such an instrument is essentially a target, an ion source, and an electromagnetic mass analyzer coupled in series. The apparatus is said to be on-line when the material analyzed is directly the target of a nuclear bombardment, where the reaction products of interest formed during the irradiation are slowed down and stopped in the system. Chemical and physical methods are then used continuously to separate the various elements and transfer them into the ion source.
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