Abstract
AbstractCOVID-19 has adversely affected almost all the spheres of life across the globe. As a result of subsequent lockdowns, Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) face the challenge of continuing educational services and overcoming related barriers. Developed countries have an upper edge in transitioning to remote learning models with systems in place for online HE. On the contrary, in several developing countries like Pakistan, HEIs had to step into the uncharted waters of online education. This paper adopts a systems thinking perspective and reviews the complex nature of online education by looking it from three levels i.e., micro, meso, and macro while discussing the response of HEIs in Pakistan during the COVID-19. It is imperative to understand the interactions of the various components and devise a tailored solution that works within the local context and aligns all three levels for online education solutions.
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