Abstract
The employed energy management strategy plays an important role in energy saving performance and exhausted emission reduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An application of dynamic programming for optimization of power allocation is implemented in this paper with certain driving cycle and a limited driving range. Considering the DP algorithm can barely be used in real-time control because of its huge computational task and the dependence ona prioridriving cycle, several online useful control rules are established based on the offline optimization results of DP. With the above efforts, an online energy management strategy is proposed finally. The presented energy management strategy concerns the prolongation of all-electric driving range as well as the energy saving performance. A simulation study is deployed to evaluate the control performance of the proposed energy management approach. All-electric range of the plug-in HEV can be prolonged by up to 2.86% for a certain driving condition. The energy saving performance is relative to the driving distance. The presented energy management strategy brings a little higher energy cost when driving distance is short, but for a long driving distance, it can reduce the energy consumption by up to 5.77% compared to the traditional CD-CS strategy.
Highlights
Circumstance pollution, energy crisis, and global warming aggravated by urban transportation have attracted remarkable attention recently, impelling the rapid development of alternative energy-based vehicles, among which the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been recognized as a promising type of vehicle due to their potential to enhance the energy economy and reduce exhausted emission [1]
Unlike the traditional normal HEVs that can only be operated at a charge sustaining (CS) manner, plug-in HEVs can be operated at charge depleting (CD) manner thanks to the possession of onboard large capacity battery pack [2]
In the presented energy management strategy, the CD manner and the CS(P) manner are interlaced while the boundary of CD manner and CS manner is quite clear in CD-CS strategy
Summary
Circumstance pollution, energy crisis, and global warming aggravated by urban transportation have attracted remarkable attention recently, impelling the rapid development of alternative energy-based vehicles, among which the HEVs have been recognized as a promising type of vehicle due to their potential to enhance the energy economy and reduce exhausted emission [1]. A viable method for the deterministic DP to be utilized in the online application is to operate DP offline with some representative driving cycles first and extract online control policy from the optimization results [14]. The presented DP algorithm-based optimal strategy is to determine the optimal control policy of power allocation between engine and battery pack in the CS operation manner. (2) An online energy management approach is proposed for the uncertain real-time control application with consideration of the prolongation of allelectric driving range In this approach, the CD manner and CS manner are switched by battery state of charge (SoC) and by the power request level at each time step.
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