Abstract
A lightweight distributed MAC protocol is proposed in this paper to regulate the coexistence of high-priority (primary) and low-priority (secondary) wireless devices in cognitive wireless sensor networks. The protocol leverages the available spectrum resources while guaranteeing stringent quality of service requirements. By sensing the congestion level of the channel with local measurements and without any message exchange, a novel adaptive congestion control protocol is developed by which every device independently decides whether it should continue operating on a channel, or vacate it in case of saturation. The proposed protocol dynamically changes the congestion level based on variations of the non-stationary network. The protocol also determines the optimal number of active secondary devices needed to maximize the channel utilization without sacrificing latency requirements of the primary devices. This protocol has almost no signaling and computational overheads and can be directly implemented on top of existing wireless protocols without any hardware/equipment modification. Experimental results show substantial performance enhancement compared to the existing protocols and provide useful insights on low-complexity distributed adaptive MAC mechanism in cognitive wireless sensor networks.
Highlights
To address the increased demand of spectrum for wireless communication services, the cognitive radio (CR) technology has been proposed and continuously studied in the recent decade to substantially increase the spectrum utilization [1], [2]
OUR CONTRIBUTIONS In this paper, we propose a novel carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)-based adaptive and distributed congestion control (ACC-CSMA) MAC protocol for significantly improving the quality of service in terms of transmission opportunities and latency for secondary devices in the network by assigning these devices to the most reliable channel in cognitive wireless sensor networks (C-WSNs)
Compared to the literature mentioned above and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to 1) use CSMA backoff index for conducting online congestion measurement for C-WSNs, 2) develop a simple yet efficient CSMA-based protocol capable of maximizing the channel utilization with latency guarantees for primary devices in non-stationary environments, 3) implement the proposed protocol on the realworld STM32W108 chips that offer IEEE 802.15.4 standard communications and validate the protocol with extensive experiments, and 4) show that both primary and secondary networks benefit from some level of controlled interference in C-WSNs, as intuited in other wireless domains, such as in [35]
Summary
Compared to the literature mentioned above and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to 1) use CSMA backoff index for conducting online congestion measurement for C-WSNs, 2) develop a simple yet efficient CSMA-based protocol capable of maximizing the channel utilization with latency guarantees for primary devices in non-stationary environments, 3) implement the proposed protocol on the realworld STM32W108 chips that offer IEEE 802.15.4 standard communications and validate the protocol with extensive experiments, and 4) show that both primary and secondary networks benefit from some level of controlled interference in C-WSNs, as intuited in other wireless domains, such as in [35].
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