Abstract
The worldwide acceptance of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is expected to tremendously grow in the next few years. Uncoordinated PEV charging can cause serious grid issues such as overloading of transformers and unacceptable voltage drops. Single-phase residential charging can also initiate or contribute to voltage unbalance in distribution networks. A potential solution for the PEV integration is shifting the charging activities from peak to valley periods. Therefore, this paper firstly investigates the impacts of uncoordinated single-phase PEV charging at residential houses on three-phase distribution networks. Then, it proposes a novel PEV charging coordination strategy based on heuristic genetic algorithm (GA) to perform online centralized charging considering transformer loading and bus voltage profiles. Based on this, a decentralized PEV reactive power discharging approach is presented where the reactive power is discharged at selected nodes for further reduction of voltage unbalance. The impacts of uncoordinated PEV charging as well as the performance of the proposed centralized PEV charging and decentralized var discharging strategies are tested on a real unbalanced Western Australian distribution network under the Perth Solar City project over 24 hours.
Highlights
Nowadays, plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) have become a significant part of the international automotive market
To address the challenges above, this paper presents a hybrid strategy of centralized genetic algorithm (GA)based PEV charging and decentralized PEV var discharging for unbalanced distribution networks
The objective function of equation (3) for the proposed online coordination of PEV charging/discharging problem is based on the minimization of total voltage unbalance factor (VUF) for ancillary voltage support by choosing the PEVs to connect per phase at each time slot t, to effectively manage the voltage unbalance without exceeding the designated upper and lower voltage ranges
Summary
Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) have become a significant part of the international automotive market. Reference [35] has demonstrated several methods to reduce voltage unbalance, for example, balancing single-phase load distribution through the network, balancing by single-phase transformers and converters as a result of reactive compensation. To address the challenges above, this paper presents a hybrid strategy of centralized genetic algorithm (GA)based PEV charging and decentralized PEV var discharging for unbalanced distribution networks. It aims to minimize VUF by making smart PEV charging/discharging decisions simultaneously. Besides the online centralized PEV charging coordination, the proposed strategy relies on decentralized discharging to provide PEV inverter reactive support at selected nodes based on droop control, to further locally improve the voltage profile and reduce the overall network VUF. 1 a2 a and V0 is the zero-sequence voltage whereas Vab,Vbc and Vca are the line to line voltages
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