Abstract
The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was suggested for online and in situ detection of laser welding process failures. For the first time, the LIBS technique was demonstrated to detect defective laser welding during in situ measurements. Three sensing procedures were verified to indicate defective laser welding: thermal emission spectroscopy of the welding melt pool induced by a continuous wave (cw) laser (passive sensing); online LIBS sampling of a solidified hot weld; in situ LIBS measurements of the melt pool surface. The passive sensing failed to detect problems of the laser welding process. Online LIBS measurements of a hot solidified weld did not succeed as well. However, in situ weld melt pool LIBS measurements revealed that defective and optimal welding can be distinguished with atomic/ionic lines signals comparison utilizing hypothesis testing by paired sample t-test.
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