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Abstract
Herein, by using the green and cheap L-cysteine as the precursor, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon dots (NS-CDs) were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained NS-CDs showed the relatively narrow size distributions (2.1~3.9 nm) with the lattice spacing of 0.29 nm, as well as the excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission activity with the quantum yield (QY) of 18%. More interestingly, the PL intensity of NS-CDs was quenched by the addition of copper or lead ions (Cu2+ or Pb2+), which was shown in the tradition detection method by PL spectra. The NS-CDs exhibited ultrasensitive colorimetric sensing capability for both Cu2+ and Pb2+ by the color variance using naked eyes without any further treating. Two different coupling ways for detecting Pb2+ and Cu2+ were induced by the analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the as-prepared NS-CDs showed their potential application in the heavy metal ions detection for the wastewater determination.
Highlights
Aside from the essential contribution in industry and electrochemistry, the pollutants of heavy metal ions such as copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) are still an unresolved issue in the industrial wastewater
Just as it revealed in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon dots (NS-carbon dots (CDs)) (Figure 1(a)), the as-prepared NS-CDs showed an ellipsoid morphology and well-dispersed with a relatively narrow size distribution of 2.1-3.9 nm (Figure 1(b))
NS-CDs were prepared by using the L-cysteine as the precursor via a feasible hydrothermal method
Summary
Aside from the essential contribution in industry and electrochemistry, the pollutants of heavy metal ions such as copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) are still an unresolved issue in the industrial wastewater. To protect human health and the environment, instrument-based assays including the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), electrochemical method, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) have been developed for the analysis detection of heavy metal ions. They have inevitable disadvantages such as the expensive equipment, sophisticated instrumentation, and tedious preparation processes [3, 4]. Unlike the complicated colorimetric detection process reported previously (for example, the gold nanoparticles functionalized by L-cysteine could detect the metal ions and the whole reaction should be induced by the ultraviolet light) [21], the newly synthesized NS-CDs have the advantages of simple and visual one-site detection for Pb2+ and Cu2+ with potential applications in the heavy ion detection of wastewater
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