Abstract
Inspired by biological systems, many biomimetic methods suggest fabrication of functional materials with unique physicochemical properties. Such methods frequently generate organic-inorganic composites that feature highly ordered hierarchical structures with intriguing properties, distinct from their individual components. A striking example is that of DNA-inorganic hybrid micro/nanostructures, fabricated by the rolling circle technique. Here, a novel concept for the encapsulation of bioactive proteins in DNA flowers (DNF) while maintaining the activity of protein payloads is reported. A wide range of proteins, including enzymes, can be simultaneously associated with the growing DNA strands and Mg2 PPi crystals during the rolling circle process, ultimately leading to the direct immobilization of proteins into DNF. The unique porous structure of this construct, along with the abundance of Mg ions and DNA molecules present, provides many interaction sites for proteins, enabling high loading efficiency and enhanced stability. Further, as a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the DNF can deliver payloads of cytotoxic protein (i.e., RNase A) to the cells without a loss in its biological function and structural integrity, resulting in highly increased cell death compared to the free protein.
Highlights
Methods frequently generate organic–inorganic composites that feature highly ordered hierarchical structures with intriguing properties, distinct from their individual components
The polymerases assembly, and supramolecular DNA assembly, have enabled commonly work on small circular template DNA and initiate the fabrication of dynamic and complex DNA architectures the synthesis of the functional amplicons with exceptionwith well-defined molecular structures and shapes.[1]
Given that bovine serum albumin (BSA) is negatively charged and ribonuclease A (RNase A) is positively charged at neutral pH, which is the pH condition of the rollingcircle amplification (RCA) reaction, we hypothesized that electrostatic interactions govern the protein adsorption to negatively charged DNA molecules while growing into the DNA flowers (DNF)
Summary
Methods frequently generate organic–inorganic composites that feature highly ordered hierarchical structures with intriguing properties, distinct from their individual components. We report a new approach that directly synthesizes protein-encapsulated DNA flowers (DNF) with biological activity, in which the RCA reaction is carried out in the presence of proteins (Figure 1a).
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