One–pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extract and their antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and ecotoxicity assessment

Abstract

This work demonstrated a one–pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extract as well as their biological activity and biocompatibility impacts. The synthesized Au NPs were characterized by UV–vis, FT–IR, XRD, XPS, DLS, ZP, SEM, element mapping, EDX, and TEM analysis. The Au NPs tested against Gram–positive and negative bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antioxidant capacity of Au NPs showed a moderate effect. Different concentrations of Au NPs were tested on the MDA–MB–231 epithelial human breast cancer cell line, showing that IC50 value at 118.26 μg/mL. Au NPs treated Artemia salina nauplii did not promote any mortality. By contrast, microphotographic analysis of the Au NPs found in the aggregated form inside the guts region. The 100% Au NPs treated Allium cepa root tip cell showed a mitotic index of 77.63 ± 0.42. This investigation demonstrates that Au NPs have better antioxidant and anticancer activities. In addition, the A. salina nauplii emphasized nontoxicity with biocompatibility. The Au NPs treatments showed a dose–depended response to enhance the mitotic cell divisions of A. cepa root tip cells without chromosomal aberration and no antibacterial efficiency of Au NPs against bacterial pathogens. Our study shows that this one–step synthesis is highly efficient. Near the future, synthesized Au NPs can be used for cancer therapeutic, food packaging, and cosmetic applications.