Abstract
Novel chitosan–ZnO–graphene oxide hybrid composites were prepared using a one-pot chemical strategy, and their dye adsorption characteristics and antibacterial activity were demonstrated. The prepared chitosan and the hybrids such as chitosan–ZnO and chitosan–ZnO–graphene oxide were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties indicate a significant improvement over chitosan in the hybrid composites. Dye adsorption experiments were carried out using methylene blue and chromium complex as model pollutants with the function of dye concentration. The antibacterial properties of chitosan and the hybrids were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, which revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.1 µg/mL.
Highlights
The advancement of nanotechnology has led to a variety of nanomaterials that require investigations into their safety for human health and ecological purposes at the environmental and organism levels [1]
In the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the CS sample, the stretching vibration of the O–H functional group appeared at 3438 cm−1
Our observed results suggest that a synergistic effect between CS, Zinc oxide (ZnO), and Graphene oxide (GO) in the CS–ZnO–GO hybrid caused complete bacterial inhibition [75,77], and we envisage that this study offers novel insights into its antimicrobial action while demonstrating that CS–ZnO–GO is a novel class of topical antibacterial agent useful in the areas of healthcare and environmental engineering
Summary
The advancement of nanotechnology has led to a variety of nanomaterials that require investigations into their safety for human health and ecological purposes at the environmental and organism levels [1]. Many research groups have paid attention to developing various types of antimicrobial agents and novel materials to protect human life against the negative effects of microorganisms [2,3,4], and in particular, targeting pathogenic bacteria with nanomaterials has received great attention [5,6]. Despite their importance, it is crucial for antimicrobial agents to be able to pass through the cell membrane and show a very low level of activity in cells [7]. The removal of MB and CC from waste effluents is environmentally important
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