Abstract
In this study, one-dimensional porous silicon nanowire (1D–PSiNW) arrays were fabricated by one-step metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to etch phosphorus-doped silicon wafers. The as-prepared mesoporous 1D–PSiNW arrays here had especially high specific surface areas of 323.47 m2·g−1 and were applied as anodes to achieve fast charge–discharge performance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The 1D–PSiNWs anodes with feature size of ~7 nm exhibited reversible specific capacity of 2061.1 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.5 A·g−1. Moreover, under the ultrafast charge–discharge current rate of 16.0 A·g−1, the 1D–PSiNWs anodes still maintained 586.7 mAh·g−1 capacity even after 5000 cycles. This nanoporous 1D–PSiNW with high surface area is a potential anode candidate for the ultrafast charge–discharge in LIBs with high specific capacity and superior cycling performance.
Highlights
Nowadays, the latest research works have paid more attention to the increasing demand of energy storage devices in various fields, such as supercapacitors, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1,2,3,4,5]
Cui et al first reported that LIBs using silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with diameter of around 50 nm as anodes could achieve the theoretical charge capacity (~3200.0 mAh·g−1), but only maintain a discharge capacity around 75% of its original value over 10 cycles under even the small specific current of 0.2 A·g−1 due to pulverization [41]
The cross-section profile in Figure 3a confirms that the 1D–PSiNW arrays are uniform on the entire wafer surface
Summary
The latest research works have paid more attention to the increasing demand of energy storage devices in various fields, such as supercapacitors, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1,2,3,4,5]. The LIBs, which possess significantly higher energy density compared to sodium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and aqueous nickel-based systems, have become the dominant power storage device [6,7,8,9,10]. Many novel technologies have been applied to improve the cyclability and electrochemical performance of the anode materials for LIBs by designing and utilizing various nanostructures. The tremendous volume change (>300%) of silicon anodes results in pulverization during fast charge lithiation and discharge delithiation processes, hindering their application as anode materials for LIBs [20,21,22].
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