Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the performance of narrow diameter implants in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and normo-glycemic individuals during the first 12 months after implant loading.Material and methodsIn 16 T2DM patients with HbA1C > 6.5% (test group) and 16 normo-glycemic patients (HbA1C < 6.0%; control group), one to two narrow diameter tissue level implants were placed in the posterior maxilla or mandible. After 3-month lasting integration period, implants were loaded by fixed dentures. The clinical parameters probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), attachment loss (CAL), recession and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed manually at loading and after 12 months of function. The paired digital periapical radiographs were analyzed with regard to the change in marginal bone level (MBL) from baseline to 12 months’ control. The mean values calculated for both patient groups were statistically analyzed. The technical complications were recorded.ResultsThe T2DM group accounted 13 patients due to 3 dropouts. The overall implant survival rate after 12 months was 100%. The differences in means for the clinical parameters and the MBL were statistically non-significant between the T2DM and normo-glycemic patients for the short period of loaded function reported here. No technical complications were recorded.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated an encouraging clinical outcome with narrow diameter implants in patients with uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics after 12 months post loading. For the short observation period, no biological and technical complications were reported regardless the glycemic status.Clinical relevancePatients with HbA1C > 6.5% may benefit from the treatment with narrow diameter implants by avoiding complex surgical interventions with augmentation procedures.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT04630691
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread disease, which increasingly affects the society
It is reported that patients with prediabetes and T2DM are associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease [2]
The recruitment of participants was restricted to the patients from the Department of Periodontology and included individuals who were compliant with the supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) program after the course of active periodontal treatment
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread disease, which increasingly affects the society. It is described as a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by high serum glycemic levels either due to insufficient insulin levels, defective function or both [1]. It is reported that patients with prediabetes and T2DM are associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease [2]. Hyperglycemia, being seen in uncontrolled T2DM, may be a potentially important factor in the development of biologic complications in dental implants. Prospective data on implant performance in diabetes patients are scarce. Recent studies indicated that dental implants may show a poorer outcome in high glycemic level patients with
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