Abstract
Lockdown measures have obvious psychological impacts, which could, in turn, increase cardiovascular risk. We assessed the association between lockdown-related factors and the worsening of cardiovascular risk, incident anxiety and depression during 12 months’ follow-up. During lockdown (April–May 2020), 534 subjects, aged 50–89 years, were included in the PSYCOV-CV study (NCT04397835) and followed for up to 12 months post-lockdown. We found that participants with symptoms of depression during lockdown were more likely to report increased cardiovascular drug treatment (Odds-Ratio (OR) = 5.08 (1.78–14.5), p = 0.002), decreased physical activity (OR = 1.76 (1.10–2.82), p = 0.019) and weight gain (OR = 1.85 (1.08–3.17), p = 0.024) after lockdown. Moreover, changes in sleep patterns (OR = 2.35 (1.13–4.88), p = 0.022) or living in a rural area during lockdown (OR = 1.70 (0.96–3.03, p = 0.069) were associated with higher incident depression, whereas a better relationship with one’s partner during lockdown was associated with less incident depression (OR = 0.56 (0.29–1.08), p = 0.084). Finally, we found that continuing to work during lockdown in a role requiring in-person contact with the public (such as cashiers, nurses or physicians) was associated with more incident anxiety after lockdown (OR = 3.38 (1.12–10.2), p = 0.031). Interestingly, decreased consumption of alcohol during lockdown was associated with less incident anxiety (OR = 0.30 (0.10–0.90), p = 0.032). Our study, conducted in a representative sample of an age group at increased risk of both cardiovascular disease and severe COVID-19, increases the understanding of modifiable factors associated with the health impacts of lockdown measures.
Highlights
IntroductionIn response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the French government imposed a strict 8-week lockdown of the general population in March 2020, in order to limit viral transmission
Introduction published maps and institutional affilIn response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the French government imposed a strict 8-week lockdown of the general population in March 2020, in order to limit viral transmission.During this period, there was a noticeable decrease in non-COVID medical consultations, which may have had a negative impact on the management of patients with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases
We assessed the association between lockdown-related factors and the worsening of cardiovascular risk, incident anxiety and depression during 12-months’ follow-up, in a representative general population-based cohort study of middle-aged and older adults
Summary
In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the French government imposed a strict 8-week lockdown of the general population in March 2020, in order to limit viral transmission. During this period, there was a noticeable decrease in non-COVID medical consultations, which may have had a negative impact on the management of patients with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. It is important to better understand the consequences of lockdown on psychological health, as well as cardiovascular risk factors and disease, all of which are major public health problems [8]. We previously published [1] factors associated with the worsening of cardiovascular risk and anxiety or depression during the COVID-19 lockdown. Subjects living in urban areas during lockdown and continuing to work in a role requiring contact with the public were more likely to report a deterioration iations
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