One-Way Protocol for Two-Bit Intrinsic Random Key Distribution with Entangled Photon Pairs

Abstract

Recently, an innovative two-way scheme for two-bit intrinsic random key distribution has been proposed, although an applicable quantum operation-gate required in this protocol is still missing. In this paper, we present a scheme for two-bit intrinsic random key distribution with entangled photon pairs in a feasible one-way configuration. By consuming one maximally entangled photon pair and one-way trip of one particle of the photon pair, first the generation of a quantum public-key pair is achieved by performing a peculiar positive operator-valued measure which is constructed by the cooperation of two distant authorized parties on one traveling qubit of the entangled pair, then two-bit intrinsic random key can be distributed by projection measurement (taking the former as the prepare stage while the latter as the measure one). Hence it can be regarded as the prepare measure protocol via entanglement resource. And the security of our scheme under various kinds of attacks is also investigated.