Abstract
We have developed a one-step process for the synthesis of basic magnesium sulfate (5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·3H2O, abbreviated as 513MOS) whiskers from MgSO4·7H2O and MgO by refluxing at atmospheric pressure. The process shows potential for the low-cost mass production of controlled-structure whiskers. Their 0.3–1.0μm diameter and 40–80μm length correspond to an aspect ratio of 40–260. The 513MOS whisker morphology is related closely to MgSO4 concentration and reflux time. The optimized MgSO4 concentration is 1.2–1.5mol/L with a 25–30h reflux time. X-ray diffractometry revealed that the b-axis is the predominant growth direction of the whiskers. Their growth mechanism is by the relatively slow liquid-phase deposition of Mg2+, OH–, and SO42–. The long reaction time and high MgSO4 concentration are conducive to the formation of 513MOS whiskers under gentle reaction conditions. Porous MgO whiskers with a fibrous structure were obtained after calcination of the 513MOS whiskers at 1020°C.
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