One-Step Monoclonal Antibody Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Direct Determination of Cortisol in Serum

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies to cortisol have obvious potential advantages as starting materials for assay systems to detect their levels in body fluids. This is very important for monitoring pituitary gland and adrenal functions. To develop a one-step competitive heterogeneous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a monoclonal anti-cortisol antibody was generated using a reasonably designed haptenic derivative. Cortisol-3-O-carboxymethyloxime was coupled to carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance its immunogenicity. Spleen cells were prepared from a BALB/c mouse, which had repeatedly been immunized with a conjugate of cortisol-3-O-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin (cortisol-3-O-CMO-BSA), to be fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. After one fusion experiment, four hybridoma clones secreting a practical antibody were established. One of the resulting monoclonal antibodies, 2C9D11B5, showed an affinity constant (Ka) of 1.4 × 10(10) M(-1) for cortisol and provided a practical calibration curve (limit of detection [LOD], 0.26 ng per assay) in this ELISA system employing cortisol-21-hemisuccinate-horseradish peroxidase (cortisol-21-HS-HRP) as a tracer. Cross-reactivities with related C-21 steroids were acceptably low: 11-deoxycortisol (3.5%), cortisone (0.47%), corticosterone (<0.01%), progesterone (<0.01%), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.2%), 6-hydroxycortisol (7.6%), and tetrahydrocortisol (<0.01%). The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged from 4.3% to 9.2% and 3.8% to 10.4 %, respectively. The analytical recoveries were 92.3% to 116.3%. Serum cortisol levels of healthy volunteers were determined after chilled acetone, stripped to be 292.76 ± 201.38 ng/mL (n=5), which are in the reference range.