Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted and functionalized with positively charged groups in a one-step procedure applying new reactive eutectic media.
Highlights
As one of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and is available to us as an almost inexhaustible resource due to the continuous regrowth of plants
Eutectic mixtures offer a broad range of design possibilities, and their reactivity, as a function of their composition, can be tuned by thoughtful selection of the components
reactive eutectic media (REM) containing ammonium formate (Tm 114 °C) as the main hydrogen bond acceptor component were prepared in combination with different organic acids, namely glycolic, lactic, and levulinic acid, used as hydrogen bond donors and effective melting point depressors (Table S3†)
Summary
As one of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and is available to us as an almost inexhaustible resource due to the continuous regrowth of plants. While it has served as a pivotal source of energy and as construction or clothing material throughout human history, research of the last decades has discovered cellulose as the source of a unique biocompatible crystalline nanomaterial with remarkable mechanical properties.[1] Extraction of those desirable nanocrystals from plant cellulose fibers is based on the selective acidic hydrolysis of the amorphous regions, which periodically alternate with the larger crystalline domains.[2,3] The obtained rod-like nanoparticles or whiskers are commonly referred to as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). They have already proven effective in wood treatment, lignocellulose delignification, and nanocellulose extraction and modification.[10,11,12,13]
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