Abstract
A new, simple one-step approach has been developed to synthesize lignin and lignin amine coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles (lignin magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs) and lignin amine magnetic nanoparticles (LAMNPs)) are found to possess not only magnetic response but also pH-dependent adsorption behavior. Results show that the combination of lignin with nanoparticles increased the adsorption capacities 2–5 times higher than other traditional single lignin based adsorbents (211.42 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) by LMNPs and 176.49 mg/g for acid scarlet GR (AS-GR) by LAMNPs). Meanwhile, by simply adjusting the pH, the dye-loaded adsorbents can be regenerated to recycle both adsorbents and dyes with a desorption efficiency up to 90%. Mechanistic study shows that dye structure and surface charges of adsorbents play the most important part in adsorption where dyes interact with the adsorbent surface via π–π stacking and electrostatic attraction interactions. The efficient fabrication method, eco-friendly reactant, quick magnetic separation, high adsorption and desorption efficiency suggest this novel type of nano-adsorbents to be promising materials for efficient dye pollutant removal and recovery.
Highlights
Dyes are challenging to remove because of their stable and unreactive properties [1]
We introduced a one-step approach to prepare lignin and lignin derivative coated magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs and d-LMNPs)
The bending vibration of N–H and C–N bond of DETA were overlapped by the original function groups in lignin
Summary
Dyes are challenging to remove because of their stable and unreactive properties [1]. Great efforts have been dedicated to synthesize advanced materials for the removal of dyes from wastewater [3,4,5]. Special attention has been focused on investigating the adsorption behaviors of lignin materials, prompting the possibility of converting this renewable source into adsorbents. Some published work show that lignin possesses adsorption property to heavy metal ions and dyes in waste water, indicating the potential of lignin as adsorbents. During the past decade, great efforts have been made to develop lignin based adsorption materials [7,8,9,10,11]. It is a challenge to remove the lignin from the aqueous solution after its adsorption process, especially when the lignin materials exhibit relatively good dispersion behavior in water
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