One‐pot synthesis of graphene oxide/poly(furfuryl alcohol) in deep eutectic solvent: A metal‐free electrocatalyst for non‐enzymatic glucose sensor application

Abstract

AbstractA facile strategy is presented for the preparation of poly(furfuryl alcohol) functionalized graphene oxide (GO‐f‐PFA) by using Diels‐Alder (DA) click chemistry in deep eutectic solvent (DES), and its application in glucose sensing. The GO‐f‐PFA hybrid was obtained in a one‐pot procedure involving the polymerization reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and subsequent DA reaction of poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) with graphene oxide (GO). Both reactions were conducted in DES formed by the mixture of choline chloride: zinc chloride under assistance of ultrasonication without any catalyst. The highest percentage of grafted PFA in GO‐f‐PFA was 82.1 % at the DES/FA feeding weight ratio of 10. GO‐f‐PFA materials were analyzed by TGA, FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM‐EDX and dispersion capacities were evaluated in various solvents such as water, ethanol, N,N’‐dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and p‐xylene. GO‐f‐PFA was used as a free‐metal electrocatalytic material to fabricate the electrode for the recognition of glucose. The highest current density of GO‐f‐PFA was achieved to be 0.252 mA·cm‐2 using 10 mM glucose recorded at the potential of 0.7 V. These results have suggested the potential application of bio‐based materials for the fabrication of glucose biosensor.