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Abstract
A novel one-pot chemical synthesis of functional copper iodide-polypyrrole composites, CuI-PPy, has been proposed. The fabrication process allows the formation of nanodimensional metal salt/polymer hybrid structures in a fully controlled time- and concentration-dependent manner. The impact of certain experimental conditions, viz., duration of synthesis, sequence of component addition and concentrations of the intact reagents on the structure, dimensionality and yield of the end-product was evaluated in detail. More specifically, the amount of marshite CuI within the hybrid composite can be ranged from 60 to 90 wt.%, depending on synthetic conditions (type and concentration of components, process duration). In addition, the conditions allowing the synthesis of nano-sized CuI distributed inside the polypyrrole matrix were found. A high morphological stability and reproducibility of the synthesized nanodimensional metal-polymer hybrid materials were approved. Finally, the electrochemical activity of the formed composites was verified by cyclic voltammetry studies. The stability of CuI-PPy composite deposited on the electrodes was strongly affected by the applied anodic limit. The proposed one-pot synthesis of the hybrid nanodimensional copper iodide-polypyrrole composites is highly innovative, meets the requirements of Green Chemistry and is potentially useful for future biosensor development. In addition, this study is expected to generally contribute to the knowledge on the hybrid nano-based composites with tailored properties.
Highlights
Copper iodide (CuI) has a wide application in nonlinear optics [1,2], solar cells development [3], photocatalysis [4], photoluminescention [5], electrophysics [6,7] and conventional analytical chemistry, i.e., mercury detection [8]
According to the methodology reported in [32], the formation of CuI-polypyrrole, CuI-PPy, composite from the multicomponent solution of copper (II) ions, iodide-anions and pyrrole monomer can be realized as two subsequent synthetic routes: Cu2+ + Py + KI =
Based on the first synthetic route, the interaction between copper (II) and iodide anions leads to the formation of copper (I) iodide and molecular iodine (1a) followed by oxidation of the pyrrole monomer to polypyrrole
Summary
Copper iodide (CuI) has a wide application in nonlinear optics [1,2], solar cells development [3], photocatalysis [4], photoluminescention [5], electrophysics [6,7] and conventional analytical chemistry, i.e., mercury detection [8]. CuI was reported as an effective electrocatalyst in hydrazine-related synthesis [28] and formic acid oxidation [29]. The presence of catalytically active copper (I) leads to an increase in instability of the chemical content on the catalyst surface due to interaction with molecular oxygen and copper oxide formation [30]. To protect the surface of catalytically active copper (I) compound CuI, the synthesis of composites where copper iodide is included. Chemosensors 2021, 9, 56 into the porous polymeric framework could be a promising strategy. In this case, the resulted metal–polymer structures can be electroactive and find numerous applications as permeable functional reagents
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