Abstract
It was found that anionic Pd(II) complexes of type [CA]2[PdCl4] and [CA]2[Pd2Cl6] (CA = imidazolium or pyridinium cation) are effective catalysts for copper-free Sonogashira coupling in an aqueous medium without additional ligands or co-catalysts. Both types of substrates, containing electron donor or electron acceptor groups, formed the corresponding products in good to excellent yield. The most active complex, [bmpy]2[Pd2Cl6] (bmpy = 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium cation), was employed to the hydroarylation of the Sonogashira product in a one-pot process, using microwave radiation, NaBPh4 as a phenyl source and water as a proton donor. In these reactions the presence of electron donor substituents facilitated a higher conversion of diarylacetylenes to triarylethenes than electron acceptor groups.
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