One Pot Facile Synthesis of Self-extinguishable Metal Based Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric

Abstract

ABSTRACT An efficient metal-based flame-retardant was prepared for cotton fabric (CF) by a convenient pad-dry-cure method, which involves the consecutive deposition of intumescent containing different combination of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol with Copper and Zinc metal ions. We studied different properties like thermal, mechanical, flammability, and laundering durability of treated CF samples. The intumescent-coated CF shows remarkable high-efficiency flame-retardant properties: (1) a self-extinguishing property (5 s) without lateral spreading of flame during the vertical flame test with a lower smoke release character; (2) the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of coated CF are improved with increasing add-on level. The Zn-based samples exhibited a high limiting oxygen index value of 36%. Consequently, the resultant fabrics were observed to show great flame retardancy with high thermal stability as 35% of char yield at 600°C. The durability of modified cotton was tested after five laundering cycles, which showed that the coating maintains 84% of its initial mass. It is reported that in addition to durable flame retardancy, the mechanical properties of cotton were also enhanced. The present work provides eco-friendly one pot facile synthesis of intumescent-based flame retardant for CF which may be used in numerous applications. Abbreviations: ammonium polyphosphate; PER: pentaerythritol; MEL: melamine; LOI: limiting oxygen index; TGA: thermogravimetric analysis; DTG: derivative thermogravimetry; GSM: gram per square meter; FR: flame retardant; CP: plain cotton fabric; CT: twill cotton fabric; CF: cotton fabric; Int: intumescent; FTIR: Fourier Transformation Infrared; BEL: burn entire length; DNI: did not ignite; SE: self-extinguish; HGMs: hollow glass microspheres; CH/PA/Ba/PA: Chitosan/ Phytic Acid/Barium/Phytic Acid; DPPMA: diphenylphosphinic acid with melamine; PBS/30PA-GU: poly(butylene succinate/30 phytic acid-guanosine; PET: polyethyleneimine; Tri-HTAC: 2,4,6-tri[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl-ammonium)propyl]-1,3,5-triazine chloride; TA/B@PDA: tannic acid/Borax@polydopamine; P10H5: 5wt% HCCP(Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene). ammonium polyphosphate; PER: pentaerythritol; MEL: melamine; LOI: limiting oxygen index; TGA: thermogravimetric analysis; DTG: derivative thermogravimetry; GSM: gram per square meter; FR: flame retardant; CP: plain cotton fabric; CT: twill cotton fabric; CF: cotton fabric; Int: intumescent; FTIR: Fourier Transformation Infrared; BEL: burn entire length; DNI: did not ignite; SE: self-extinguish; HGMs: hollow glass microspheres; CH/PA/Ba/PA: Chitosan/ Phytic Acid/Barium/Phytic Acid; DPPMA: diphenylphosphinic acid with melamine; PBS/30PA-GU: poly(butylene succinate/30 phytic acid-guanosine; PET: polyethyleneimine; Tri-HTAC: 2,4,6-tri[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl-ammonium)propyl]-1,3,5-triazine chloride; TA/B@PDA: tannic acid/Borax@polydopamine; P10H5: 5wt% HCCP(Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene).