One-pot facile integration of functional materials in bionanocomposite by mimicking blood coagulation for electrochemical biosensing

Abstract

The incorporation of functional materials into a 3D supporting matrix is essential to the preparation and performance of nanocomposites. However, it still remains a challenge to develop a facile one-pot synthetic method (integration) and explore a 3D matrix with adequate processability and universal immobilization ability to different materials. Inspired by blood coagulation, we propose a rapid bio-polymerization method to integrate various functional materials together on a 3D fibrin matrix to prepare a functional bionanocomposite (BNC). Reduced graphene oxide, platinum nanoparticle and glucose oxidase were selected as the corresponding model functional materials of 2D nanosheet, 0D nanoparticle and biomolecule. In the BNC, adhesive fibrin not only serves as an efficient anchor to integrate and load functional materials with high immobilization efficiency, but also builds up 3D porous matrix ensuring effective mass transfer. Moreover, deriving from the synergistic effect between fibrin and functional materials, the BNC possessed high immobilization ratios and electrochemical catalysis/biocatalysis activity. The BNC-based glucose biosensor (as the model of electrochemical application) exhibited superior performance to most of reported analogues. This method may open up a new and effective way to integrate various nanomaterials into high-performance composite for various applications that need multiple functions.