One-Pot Electrodeposition of a PANI:PSS/MWCNT Nanocomposite on Carbon Paper for Scalable Determination of Ascorbic Acid

Abstract

In recent years, there has been growing demand for the monitoring of ascorbic acid levels, especially in underdeveloped populations where ascorbic acid deficiency affects up to 74% of individuals. To facilitate widespread ascorbic acid screening, we have developed a highly scalable conductive polymer nanocomposite with excellent ascorbic acid sensing performance. The material is based on polyaniline, which is deposited in a single step in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto carbon paper. The modified electrodes take advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of polyaniline toward ascorbic acid, which are boosted by the proton donating polystyrene sulfonate polymer and the high surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The morphology and composition of the composite are characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the electrochemical characteristics are examined using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode shows good ascorbic acid sensing characteristics, with a linear range of 1–400 μM, a sensitivity of 546 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a limit of detection of 0.11 μM. High performance and low cost results in a promising platform to support the widespread, cheap monitoring of ascorbic acid deficiency.