Abstract
Abstract A one-level sigma-coordinate model originally developed by Danard and modified by Mass and Dempsey and Alpert et al., is applied to the study of surface flow over an averaged summer diurnal cycle in Israel. The detailed flow features are compared to three-dimensional modeling studies and to dense surface wind observations. The winds al a height of 10 m from the one-level model were found comparable to those obtained by three-dimensional simulations, and in some cases the one-level model predicted observed surface flow features that were not simulated by the three-dimensional simulations, probably because of the finer horizontal grid resolution in the one-level model. The two models had similar deficiencies in diagnosing observed flow features in many cases. A severe drawback of the one-level model is the inability to advance the sea-breeze front (SBF) over a ridge crest correctly. Based upon an earlier vertical cross-sectional study by Alpert et al., an explanation for this discrepancy is suggest...
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