Abstract
Geraniol is a monoterpenic alcohol with a pleasant rose-like aroma, known as an important ingredient in many essential oils, and is used commercially as a fragrance compound in cosmetic and household products. However, geraniol has a number of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the activity of geraniol against prostate, bowel, liver, kidney and skin cancer. It can induce apoptosis and increase the expression of proapoptotic proteins. The synergy of this with other drugs may further increase the range of chemotherapeutic agents. The antibacterial activity of this compound was also observed on respiratory pathogens, skin and food-derived strains. This review discusses some of the most important uses of geraniol.
Highlights
Taking into account the above information, in our work we focused on discussing research that used geraniol as a potential phytopharmaceutical drug with antimicrobial and anticancer properties
Geraniol is a common component of many essential oils with antimicrobial properties [64]
At 200 μM of geraniol, TBARS levels increased by 122% in A549 cells compared to the control (p < 0.05), but no decrease in the activity of such enzymes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) biotransformation as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was observed
Summary
Every organism must have an elimination system of potentially harmful substances. Phase II detoxification reactions usually consist of coupling phase I detoxification products with highly polar compounds such as sugars, amino acids, phosphates or glutathione. Since geraniol is present in many fragrance compositions used by the perfume industry, it is important to study its metabolism in skin cells. For this purpose, geraniol has been incubated with recombinant E. coli Tebu-bio bacteria containing human CYP bactosom (CYP1A1, 1B1, 2B6, 2E1, 3A5). CYP2B6 showed high activity in geraniol metabolism before CYP1A1 and CYP3A5. CYP2B6 is the dominant isoform of CYP in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the liver [55]. In studies conducted in the human liver microsomal system, geraniol inhibited CYP2B6 activity. Considering that CYP2B6 plays a role in activation of pro-carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 [55], cyclophosphamide and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), geraniol may be useful as a chemoprevention agent [54]
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