Abstract

Indigenous populations around the world face disproportionately high rates of disease related to the environment and animals. One Health is a concept that has been used effectively to understand and address these health risks. One Health refers to the relationships and interdependencies between animal, human, and environmental health and is an emerging research field that aligns with indigenous views of health. To understand the applicability of One Health in indigenous communities, a critical review was undertaken to investigate evidence of One Health research in indigenous communities internationally, assess the strength of evidence, and understand what gaps are present. This review included the appraisal of twenty-four studies based in five regions: Canada, Africa, Australia, South America, and Central America. The review found that there is a need for studies of high strength, with rigorous methods, local leadership, and active involvement of indigenous viewpoints, to be undertaken in indigenous communities internationally that focus on One Health. It highlights the need to further consider indigenous viewpoints in research to reduce limitations, increase effectiveness of findings, consider appropriateness of recommendations, and benefit communities.

Highlights

  • We summarized the current literature on One Health research in indigenous communities globally

  • 46% of studies were rated as having a moderate Strength of Evidence (SOE) (n = 11), 29% were rated as low (n = 7), and 25% were rated as high (n = 6), with none rated as insufficient

  • This review found that there are limited One Health studies that have been undertaken in indigenous communities globally, with many gaps in the evidence base

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Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).The One Health concept can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosopher Hippocrates who recognized that human health depends on the environment [1]. However, it is likely that the ideologies surrounding One Health goes back further than this to indigenous societies and cultures that are tens of thousands of years old. The concept of

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