One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review

Mahboubeh Khaton Ghanbari,Nadia Sanee,Masoud Behzadifar,Nafiul Mehedi,Hasan Abolghasem Gorji,Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

doi:10.1186/s41182-020-00272-1

Abstract

BackgroundBrucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease. Tackling zoonosis is very important for the health and the economy. One Health is an approach characterized by the integration of human and animal health, plants, and ecosystems and encourages joining local, national, and global multidisciplinary efforts to achieve optimal levels of health and collaboration among different disciplines to address complex health problems.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to review published scientific literature related to the use of the One Health approach to tackle human brucellosis.MethodsWeb of Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from inception until 30 January 2020. The reference lists of all relevant papers were hand-searched. Two authors extracted data from published studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the quality of studies.ResultsOf 2297 studies, 10 studies were deemed eligible, which were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Studies were performed in Uganda, Malta, Serbia, Greece, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Israel, India, Ethiopia, and the USA. All studies suggested that brucellosis is still a major public health problem and that the most important aspect of the One Health approach is the interdependence of humans, ecosystems, and animals .Some studies have focused on livestock vaccination as the most effective way to prevent disease, and others have focused on the biology of Brucella infection and its transmission patterns. Some studies have pointed to the effectiveness of the One Health approach in all the phases of disease management as well as to its role in reducing health costs.ConclusionThe success of the approach depends on the willingness of the decision-makers to implement the necessary policies. Due to the heterogeneity of current practices, and organizations involved in One Health approach-based programs, it will be incomplete without proper planning. To better implement the approach, strategies should be appraised and disseminated by experts and relevant stakeholders.

Highlights

Brucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease
All studies suggested that brucellosis is still a major public health problem and that the most important aspect of the One Health approach is the interdependence of humans, ecosystems, and animals .Some studies have focused on livestock vaccination as the most effective way to prevent disease, and others have focused on the biology of Brucella infection and its transmission patterns
Some studies have pointed to the effectiveness of the One Health approach in all the phases of disease management as well as to its role in reducing health costs

Summary

Introduction

Brucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease. Zoonoses are transmissible diseases between vertebrate animals and humans. Brucellosis is the most significant and common bacterial zoonosis and is recognized as a reemerging and neglected zoonotic disease [1, 2]. Tackling zoonosis is very important for the health and the economy. This disease disrupts daily activities as well as decreases livestock production [3]. In terms of the impact on poor people, brucellosis is ranked as the highest and tenth in a study of 76 animal diseases and syndromes, respectively [4]. Brucellosis has been prevalent in many parts of the world, and there is a risk of re-emergence in countries that have developed an effective disease control and even eradicated the infection [5, 6]

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