Abstract
Vocalization for speech and singing involves self-sustained oscillation between a stream of air and a pair of vocal folds. Each vocal fold has its own set of natural frequencies (modes of vibration) governed by the viscoelastic properties of tissue layers and their boundary conditions. Due to asymmetry, the modes of left and right vocal folds are not always synchronized. The common airflow between them can entrain the modes, but not always in a 1:1 ratio. Examples of bifurcations are given for human and animal vocalization, as well as from computer simulation. Vocal artists may use desynchronization for special vocal effects. Surgeons who repair vocal folds make decisions about the probability of regaining synchronization when one vocal fold is injured. Complete desynchronization, allowing only one vocal fold to oscillate, may be a better strategy in some cases then attempting to achieve symmetry.
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