Abstract
The matter created in central p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at s=5.02 TeV is simulated event-by-event using the superSONIC model, which combines pre-equilibrium flow, viscous hydrodynamic evolution and late-stage hadronic rescatterings. Employing a generalization of the Monte Carlo Glauber model where each nucleon possesses three constituent quarks, superSONIC describes the experimentally measured elliptic and triangular flow at central rapidity in all systems using a single choice for the fluid parameters, such as shear and bulk viscosities. This suggests a common hydrodynamic origin of the experimentally observed flow patterns in all high energy nuclear collisions, including p+p.
Highlights
What are the properties of the matter created in ultrarelativistic ion collisions? Obtaining an answer to this question has been one of the key goals of the high energy nuclear physics community and the driving force behind the experimental heavy-ion program at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Much progress has been made, such as the realization that the matter created in heavyion collisions behaves more like a strongly interacting fluid, rather than a gas of weakly-interacting quarks and gluons [1,2,3,4]
The mainstream expectation was that a strongly interacting QCD fluid could only be formed in “large” systems, such as those created in heavy-ion collisions
Summary
What are the properties of the matter created in ultrarelativistic ion collisions? Obtaining an answer to this question has been one of the key goals of the high energy nuclear physics community and the driving force behind the experimental heavy-ion program at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). [28, 29] for a discussion of why nonequilibrium hydrodynamics may be applicable to QCD fluid droplets as small as 0.15 fm) Previous work on this subject includes the prediction of flow signals in p+p [30,31,32,33], p+Pb [33], 3He+Au [34, 35], p+Au and d+Au collisions [36] as well as the hydrodynamic description of experimental data in small systems It is unlikely that the present work can be used to constrain nucleon structure models, with the possible exception of broad features such as the event-by-event “ellipticity” of the nucleon
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