One-dimensional quantum liquid comprised of particles with an arbitrary number of internal degrees of freedom.

Abstract

Using bosonization and renormalization-group techniques, we classify the correlation properties, ground states, and associated phase transitions for a one-dimensional translationally invariant system of interacting fermions or repulsive bosons having an arbitrary number of nontranslational degrees of freedom. Depending on the interactions, the system realizes one of several ground states: a noncorrelated gapless quantum fluid, a correlated quantum fluid of clusters formed from the original particles, or a correlated fluid of evenly distributed particles with periodic repeats of all possible permutations of the different kinds.