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Abstract
New metallic nickel/cobalt/iron silicide droplets at the tips of polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) nanowires have been identified as stable and efficient cathode catalysts for Zn–air batteries. The as-prepared catalyst having a unique one-dimensional (1D) PDC nanowire structure with the presence of metallic silicide tips of 1D-PDC plays a crucial role in facilitating oxygen reduction/evolution reaction kinetics. The Zn–air battery was designed using Ni/PDC, Co/PDC and Fe/PDC as air electrode catalysts. In electrochemical half-cell tests, it was observed that the catalysts have a good bifunctional electrocatalytic activity. The efficiency of the catalysts to function as a cathode catalyst in real-time primary and mechanically rechargeable Zn–air battery configurations was determined. The primary battery testing results revealed that Ni/PDC and Co/PDC exhibited a stable discharge voltage plateau up to 29 h. The Fe/PDC sample, on the other hand, performed up to 23 h with an operating potential of 1.20 V at the discharge current density of 5 mA cm−2 after which the battery ceased to perform. The Ni/PDC, Co/PDC, and Fe/PDC cathode catalysts performed galvanostatic 1200 charge–discharge cycles in a mechanically rechargeable secondary Zn–air battery configuration. The results demonstrate that the Ni/PDC, Co/PDC, and Fe/PDC materials serve as excellent and durable bifunctional cathode electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries.
Highlights
Reversible electrochemical energy storage systems are considered as an up-and-coming energy source and as a replacement to conventional non-renewable energy sources
Vakifahmetoglu et al and Adam et al have already investigated the synthesis of 1D polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) nanowires and catalyst tips of PDC nanowires with the addition of transition metals to preceramic polymers using catalyst-assisted pyrolysis (CAP) method.[29,30,31]
These results show that the in situ grown carbon nanotubes improve the electrical conductivity and formation of intermetallic nickel/cobalt silicide nanocomposite boosting the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/-oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with relatively low oxygen electrode potential
Summary
Paper (less than 1.65 V), and a higher potential (more than 1.65 V) is required for charging the cell.[11]. For coating the GC electrode with the catalyst materials, 8 mg of the corresponding PDC catalyst was dispersed in 2 mL of 2-propanol by sonication for 1 h. For the construction of the Zn–air battery, 6 mg of ceramic catalyst and 12 mg of 5% Na on ionomer solution (SigmaAldrich) were dispersed in 0.7 ml of ethanol by sonication for 1 h. The prepared ink was spread on a commercial gas diffusion layer (GDL, SGL DC – 35) by hand brush coating technique with the geometric area (A) of 2.25 cm[2] to obtain the air electrode with a loading of 1 mg cmÀ2. The cell was assembled by sandwiching the membrane between zinc anode and air breathing cathode.[37] The speci c capacity of prepared ceramic catalysts incorporated Zn–air battery is calculated based on the mass of the consumed zinc metal
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