Abstract
We report on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) represented by a multilayer structure used for a surface plasmon-like sensing based on Bloch surface waves and radiation modes employing a structure comprising a glass substrate and four bilayers of TiO 2/SiO 2 with a termination layer of TiO 2. We model the reflectance responses in the Kretschmann configuration with a coupling prism made of BK7 glass and express the reflectances for both (s and p) polarizations in the spectral domain for various angles of incidence to show that a sharp dip associated with the Bloch surface wave (BSW) excitation is obtained in p polarization when an external medium (analyte) is air. For s-polarized wave BSW is not excited and a shallow dip associated with the guided mode excitation is obtained for a liquid analyte (water). For decreasing angle of incidence, the dip depth is substantially increased, and resonance thus obtained is comparable in magnitude with resonance commonly exhibited by SPR-based sensors. In addition, we revealed that the resonances in s-polarization are obtained for other analytes. The surface plasmon-like sensing concept was verified experimentally in the Kretschmann configuration for the guided mode transformed into the radiation mode with a negative and constant sensitivity of −169 nm/RIU, and a detection limit of 5.9 ×10−5 RIU.
Highlights
Bloch surface waves (BSWs) exist at the interface between a truncated periodic multilayer system [1] as a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) or Bragg mirror, and a dielectric external medium [2,3,4]
This is in contrast with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon [5,6], which is based on the generation of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and propagation of surface plasmon wave along the interface between a dielectric and a thin metal film, such as gold or silver
For s-polarized wave BSW is not excited and we demonstrate for a standard analyte the presence of a shallow dip associated with the guided mode excitation
Summary
Bloch surface waves (BSWs) exist at the interface between a truncated periodic multilayer system [1] as a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) or Bragg mirror, and a dielectric external medium [2,3,4]. Light confinement in BSWs, which occurs near the multilayer surface, is caused by total internal reflection (TIR) from homogeneous layer and is related to the bandgap of the photonic crystal. This is in contrast with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon [5,6], which is based on the generation of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and propagation of surface plasmon wave along the interface between a dielectric and a thin metal film, such as gold or silver. A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) represented by a multilayer structure, which is used for a surface plasmon-like sensing based on BSWs and radiation modes, is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We verified the new sensing concept and measured the reflectance responses of the 1DPhC in the Kretschmann configuration, and revealed for the guided mode transformed into the radiation mode that a sensitivity of −169 nm/RIU and a detection limit of 5.9 ×10−5 RIU, respectively, were achieved
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