Abstract
The XB mode conversion in electron cyclotron resonance frequency heating has been studied in detail through 1D full wave simulation. The field pattern depends on the density scale length, and the wave absorption near upper hybrid resonance is maximized beyond the R(X) mode cutoff density for optimized density scale length. The simulated mode conversion efficiency has been compared with that of an analytic formula, showing good agreements except for the phase dependent term of the X wave. The mode conversion efficiency is calculated for oblique injections as well, and it is found that the efficiency decreases as the injection angles increases. Short magnetic field scale length is confirmed to relax the short density scale length condition maximizing the XB mode conversion efficiency. Finally, the simulation code is used to analyze the mode conversion and power absorption of a pre-ionization plasma in versatile experiment spherical torus.
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