Abstract
The idea circulated among physicists that in the upper area of the physical elements the fission reaction can be obtained and in the lower one the fusion reaction occurs. In the presented paper we want to impose another rule, namely the obtaining in the lower part of the physical elements of the fission and fusion nuclear reactions, with the obvious purpose of obtaining free nuclear energy on an industrial scale. The advantages of using the low area of the physical and chemical elements are multiple. For example, in this area there are no spontaneous reactions, nor disintegrations, so the nuclear fuel used will be without radioactivity and usually, the result of the reaction will also be without radioactive components, so there will be no nuclear residues in the reaction radioactive. In this way, no such nuclear residues remain after such reactions that need to be processed or buried somewhere. Basically, this is a huge advantage of the nuclear exploitation of the low-element area. Another immediate advantage is the use of renewable and sustainable fuel, because, in the high area of heavy physical elements, those used as nuclear fuel are already beginning to run out. Here in the low area of the physicochemical elements the elements are found quite frequently naturally, or can be obtained by various methods, so the nuclear fuels in this area are sustainable, which is a second great advantage in the production of nuclear energy on the industrial route. The third great advantage of using nuclear fuels in the area of low elements (light, low mass) is that nuclear fission or fusion reactions are easily controllable in this area and they have virtually no way to get out of control and produce unwanted (accidental) events. The paper briefly presents an original theoretical method that aims to obtain nuclear energy by forcing a good efficiency of the reaction between lithium and hydrogen by accelerating hydrogen nuclei to energies high enough to cover the kinetic energy of an accelerated proton so that it to overcome the potential nuclear energy barrier of rejection between the charges of the same kind of lithium nucleus and proton, considering the most unfavorable situation possible when the proton approaches the lithium nucleus to its positively charged part through its three protons. It is hoped that in this way a general laboratory reaction, lithium-proton, can be performed continuously. Basically, the paper proposes to replace the classic nuclear fission reactions that use as enriched uranium fuel and lithium catalyst, with the industrial nuclear fission reaction of lithium (lithium changes from the position of catalyst to that of nuclear fuel), so that its new fission reaction be better controlled, less dangerous and almost free of radioactive waste as is the case with uranium fission.
Highlights
Being practically the lightest metal, i.e., the first in Mendeleev's well-known table, Lithium and the element of atomic number 3, it is practically extremely versatile, already having extremely many applications, starting from medical and continuing with those in the fields of physics
The name lithium derives from "lithos", a Greek word meaning "stone". It took some time before lithium, the metal that has the most uses today, could be completely isolated, in 1855 when lithium could be isolated by chemists Augustus Matthiessen and Robert Bunsen who passing an electric current through a chloride. lithium, managed in this way to separate the element lithium, the element with atomic number 3, the atomic symbol in the periodic table of elements Li, having atomic mass 6,941, density 0.534 grams per cubic centimeter, state of aggregation at room temperature being the solid one, with the melting point of 180.5 degrees Celsius and with the boiling point at 1342 degrees Celsius
The second important situation that I mentioned earlier is the one in which it is found as fluorine when Li-7 is used in Lithium Fluoride (LiF) and in lithium beryllium fluoride (FLiBe), which are contained in the cooling salt of most Molten Salt Reactors (MSR), which are today at the center of intensive development
Summary
Being practically the lightest metal, i.e., the first in Mendeleev's well-known table, Lithium and the element of atomic number 3, it is practically extremely versatile, already having extremely many applications, starting from medical and continuing with those in the fields of physics. Together with the first and second element, hydrogen and helium, lithium makes up a triad of elements (the lightest) that were created at the birth of the Universe by the Big Bang or whatever it was created, according to the Big Bang theory our universe would be it had to contain at least for three times as much lithium This issue of lack of lithium in the universe has troubled the minds of astrophysicists since the 1980s, until recently in August 2018 when an article appeared in Nature Astronomy describing a massive lithium discovery in a giant star where it is found in a concentration 3,000 times higher than that known in the cosmos and on Earth today. The second important situation (category) that I mentioned earlier is the one in which it is found as fluorine when Li-7 is used in Lithium Fluoride (LiF) and in lithium beryllium fluoride (FLiBe), which are contained in the cooling salt of most Molten Salt Reactors (MSR), which are today at the center of intensive development. As FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF) is a eutectic that solidifies at 454°C, it has virtually a higher section of neutrons than FLiBe or LiF, but can be used in intermediate cooling loops (without toxic beryllium)
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More From: American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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