One-bit mMIMO with defective RF chain over Ricean fading in beyond 5G networks

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate one-bit massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems with defective radio frequency (RF) chains over Ricean fading channels in beyond 5G networks. The approximate achievable rate expressions are derived in closed-form for the scenarios with ideal and non-ideal channel state information by utilizing the Bussgang decomposition. Furthermore, the scaling laws for transmit powers and RF hardware impairments are established when the number of antennas, M, at the base station (BS) grows indefinitely. Specially, the power scaling laws under the case of a large number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices (users) are also investigated. It is revealed that, as M increases, the systems can yield a non-vanishing rate while cutting down the transmit powers of the IoT devices, and/or scaling up the RF impairments of the BS. Moreover, it is also found that the relationship between the number of IoT devices N and M can influence the results of the power scaling laws. Numerical results are conducted to demonstrate our analysis. It is also revealed that the appropriate M can contribute to better energy efficiency.