Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine belonging to the gp130 family, whose members serve pleiotropic functions. However, several actions of OSM are unique from those of other gp130 cytokines, and these actions may have critical roles in inflammatory mechanisms influencing several metabolic and biological functions of insulin-sensitive tissues. In this review, the actions of OSM in adipose tissue and liver are discussed, with an emphasis on lipid metabolism.
Highlights
Oncostatin MOSM is a gp130 cytokine that shares substantial sequence identity with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) [26]. LIF and OSM evolved by gene duplication relatively recently [27]
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine belonging to the gp130 family, whose members serve pleiotropic functions
We demonstrated that OSM mRNA and protein levels were elevated in adipose tissue (AT) of both ob/ob mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed B6 mice [46]; these rodent models are both used to study obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
Summary
OSM is a gp130 cytokine that shares substantial sequence identity with LIF [26]. LIF and OSM evolved by gene duplication relatively recently [27]. Unlike other gp130 cytokines, OSM has its own specific receptor, OSMR, that heterodimerizes with gp130 [29]. There is some evidence that OSM is the only gp130 cytokine with the unique ability to signal through two distinct receptor units—the gp130/LIF receptor (LIFR). OSM only signals through the gp130/OSMR receptor complex [31,32]. Human OSM only activates gp130 and OSMR and not LIFR in human adipocytes. In murine models of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis, OSM has been shown to suppress inflammation [36]. The actions of OSM on insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and glucose uptake require further investigation
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