Oncological Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Japanese Men with Clinical Stage T1c Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to retrospectively review oncological outcome following radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with T1c prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: This study included 135 patients who were diagnosed as having T1c prostate cancer and subsequently underwent RP without any neoadjuvant therapies. In this series, biochemical recurrence (BR) was defined as a serum prostate specific antigen 0.2 ng/ml or greater on 2 consecutive measurements. Results: The pathological stage was pT2, pT3a and pT3b in 113, 18 and 4 patients, respectively, and a positive surgical margin was detected in 30; however, there was no patient with lymph node metastasis. During the mean observation period of 45.8 months, despite none of the patients dying of cancer progression, BR occurred in 17 patients, and the 5-year BR-free survival rate was 87.0%. Of several factors examined, BR was significantly associated with preoperative serum prostate specific antigen, pathological stage, seminal vesicle invasion and surgical margin status, among which only surgical margin status appeared to be an independent predictor of BR. Conclusions: Oncological outcome of RP as monotherapy for Japanese men with T1c prostate cancer would be favorable; however, RP alone may not be sufficient for cancer control in patients with a positive surgical margin.