Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years, ranking it among the ten most frequent neoplasms. Fortunately, mortality is low, and patients have a good prognosis in most cases. More than 90 % of them are well - differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Advances in technology and access to imaging studies have made the diagnosis of thyroid nodules more frequent; thus, it is essential to know how to approach them to avoid overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer. There are different treatment options for patients with thyroid cancer, but a multidisciplinary team should always establish the best therapeutic approach. Surgery is the standard of treatment and the only therapeutic option with a curative objective. Radioactive iodine and radiotherapy are indicated in the postoperative treatment of patients with risk factors. As long as the disease is iodine - sensitive, radioactive iodine is the mainstay of therapy, always considering the possibility of surgery and/or salvage radiotherapy. The definition of iodine - refractory disease is continually being modified; however, when the multidisciplinary team believes that there is no longer any benefit from further application of radioactive iodine, it will be essential to identify the opportune moment to start systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The choice of systemic treatment and its sequence must be individualized for each case, considering the clinicopathological characteristics of each case, the toxicity profile, and the patient's expectations.
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