Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding transcripts characterized with more than 200 nucleotides of length. Unlike their names, some short open reading frames are recognized for them encoding small proteins. LncRNAs are found to play regulatory roles in essential cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. Therefore, an increasing number of lncRNAs are identified with dysregulation in a wide variety of human cancers. SNHG7 is an lncRNA with upregulation in cancer cells and tissues. It is frequently reported with potency of promoting malignant cell behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Like oncogenic/tumor suppressor lncRNAs, SNHG7 is found to exert its tumorigenic functions through interaction with other biological substances. These include sponging target miRNAs (various numbers are identified), regulation of several signaling pathways, transcription factors, and effector proteins. Importantly, clinical studies demonstrate association between high SNHG7 expression and clinicopathological features in cancerous patients, worse prognosis, and enhanced chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize recent studies in three eras of cell, animal, and human experiments to bold the prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potentials.
Highlights
Based on the central dogma of molecular biology lasting for decades, sequential flow of cell genetic information was defined through RNAs, which encoded proteins, and so messenger RNA were considered mediators of template DNA and downstream proteins (Crick, 1970)
LncRNAs are a group of nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcripts defined with a length of >200 nucleotides
Dysregulation of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is identified in a number of human malignancies, suggesting diagnostic and therapeutic potentials
Summary
Based on the central dogma of molecular biology lasting for decades, sequential flow of cell genetic information was defined through RNAs, which encoded proteins, and so messenger RNA (mRNA) were considered mediators of template DNA and downstream proteins (Crick, 1970). Same as mRNAs, lncRNAs undergo post-transcriptional modifications on processing such as capping and polyadenylation at 5ˊ and 3ˊ ends, respectively, splicing and base modifications (Sarropoulos et al, 2019) They are mainly located at the nucleus exerting their epigenetic and gene expression regulatory functions via altering the histone modifications or transcription control through several mechanisms, including scaffold, signal, guide, and decoy (Zhang et al, 2019a; Dahariya et al, 2019). We have gathered recent findings on the oncogenic roles of this lncRNA in three levels of cell, animal, and human studies with a focus on clinical results predicting SNHG7 as a novel biomarker for different types of human cancers
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