On Using the Concept of "Artificial Intelligence" in Forensic Science

Abstract

The article considers the issues of making a conceptual framework for artificial intelligence in forensic sciences. There are significant differences and a significant variety of opinions regarding the basic concept of "artificial intelligence" and other concepts and ideas related, many unresolved and debatable issues still exist. Based on critical analysis of existing opinions, legislative and doctrinal sources, the opinion is expressed that for forensic theory and, to an even greater extent, practice, the use of the concept of "artificial intelligence" is somewhat premature. The concept of so-called "enhanced intelligence" seems to be more correct and adequate to the existing level of information technology development. One of the examples of its implementation is modern computer methods of machine learning. Attention is drawn to the employment of essentially new means of committing high-tech crimes, which apply techniques and methods developed for enhanced intelligence technologies. Here are discussed some cases of enhanced social danger arising from the rapidly expanding adoption of artificial intelligence technologies by high-tech crime. The effect of building quantum computers in the coming decades is discussed with regard to criminology. The negative trends linked to the use of artificial intelligence for criminal purposes have been identified as they can significantly complicate the formation of a forensic methodology for investigating high-tech crimes, complicate the implementation of criminal proceedings for their disclosure, investigation and prevention. The article shows that current issues of of making a conceptual framework are pressing and require interdisciplinary approach of legal, social, natural and technical sciences. Here are described promising trends in the development of forensic theory, as well as forensic techniques and tactics, where methods and technologies of enhanced intelligence can be successfully used. The importance and prospects of the introduction of these technologies into work of law enforcement agencies are indicated.