Abstract
New technology has provided a cheap and abundant access to nanoclay which has more prominent and efficient properties than clay. The aim of this research was a performance review of clay and nanoclay granules for the purpose of improving physicochemical as well as biological quality of water. To this end, clay granules and a 50% composition of clay and nanoclay with an average of a 5-mm diameter were made and placed in the 1000 °C furnace for 7 h. 150 g of any kind of granule was put in a closed system with presence of 300 ml of sample of synthesized contaminated water for 24 h. Then, heavy metals (lead and arsenic), anions (nitrate), turbidity, electrical conductivity and microbial contamination (coliforms) were measured. The clay and nanoclay granules had adsorbed the lead, respectively, with 0/4 and /44 mg/l by 80% and 88% yield. They have been almost effective in declining nitrate, arsenic, turbidity, and electrical conductivity, though ineffective in removal of microbial contamination. The results show that the adsorption yield for nanoclay is much higher than that for clay.
Highlights
The spread of water pollution to heavy metals, dangerous anions, microbial and physical contaminations make the knowledge of water treatment a necessary issue
We study the possibility to remove lead and arsenic from heavy metals using the granules and nanogranules of the baked clay
The present research has shown that there is a possibility of applying clay and nanoclay as natural adsorbents in the form of baked granules in water treatment
Summary
The spread of water pollution to heavy metals, dangerous anions, microbial and physical contaminations make the knowledge of water treatment a necessary issue. The absorbents are among the varied effective materials having satisfactory results in removing contaminants from water (Makhado et al 2018, 2017). Especially ashes, are dissolved in water, making their removal much difficult. Various investigations about using natural clay and its composites in removal of biological, organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water show a unique functionality as well as simple applications of these materials (Srinivasan 2011). A study of the effect of clay on water quality together with fluoride adsorption using clay granules was done, where it was shown that clay granules had adsorbed up to 95% of fluoride, depending on the pH concentration and on the presence of interfering ions (Chen et al 2010)
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