Abstract
Fluid flow at the surface of the earth's core can be determined from changes in the radial component of magnetic field at the core surface by using the frozen-flux hypothesis, which treats the core as a perfect conductor and the mantle as an insulator. The flow determination is non-unique; the ambiguity may be reduced by placing restrictions on the allowed flows and by using horizontal components of field. The determination is unique if the flows are toroidal and overdetermined if they are tangentially geostrophic (satisfy the radial component of the vorticity equation without magnetic forces). Boundary layer analyses support the contention that horizontal components of magnetic field are effectively continuous between the insulating mantle and bottom of the boundary layers and either hypothesis satisfies the observations.
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