On two different types of melanin

Abstract

In investigating the nature of the melanin molecule, I have found that the pigment which is present in black wool is readily soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide, and that it is apparently a protein. To pigments of this nature I have given the name of melano-protein to distinguish them from both the unpigmented proteins and those other melanins, the nature of whose molecule is as yet unknown. The melano-protein which I have obtained from black wool contains no ash, showing that ash is not a part of this pigment, and also proving that this melanin does not contain iron. In some of the preparations of pigment from black wool where less precautions were taken to insure the absence of all contaminating mineral matter, a low percentage of ash was obtained (0.10 per cent.-0.20 per cent.) but this ash appeared as white particles and was probably silica. When I undertook to prepare a melanin from black rabbit hair and black feathers I found that the pigment was very insoluble in dilute (0.2 per cent.) sodium hydrate, and it was only after long boiling, in some instances nearly a week, that solution was effected. Of course this procedure altered the nature of the melanin molecule, but the fact that was of chief interest was that the resulting product contained between 2 per cent. and 3 per cent. of ash and that this ash was chiejly iron oxide. I have recently observed that there are probably at least two pigments in the darker colors of horse hair, one of these being a melano-protein with a very low ash content, and the other containing approximately 3 per cent. of ash which is chiejly iron oxide.