On theoretical grammar issues

Abstract

Grammar includes morphology and syntax, these are united by a word as a word form. The central unit of morphology is a part of speech, which acts as a part of a sentence in syntax. The question of the relationship of a word, a phrase and a sentence, a part of sentence and a part of speech has not been discussed deeply in both traditional and modern linguistics. In Russian academic grammars, sentence parts are considered to be word propagators in the composition of word combination rather than the structural and semantic components of the sentence that stand out on the basis of syntactic relations. The question posed back in the time of Aristotle has not yet been resolved – which is primary, a phrase or a sentence, a part of speech or a part of a sentence? This duality has led to the rejection of the theory of sentence parts. The article provides evidence that sentence is primary, parts of speech are realised on the basis of sentence parts. Each sentence part is a multidimensional word form, including lexical, morphological and syntactic components, however the syntactic position takes up, absorbs the remaining levels of meanings. The history of the origin and development of the proposal proves this position.