Abstract
Severe rolling contact fatigue (RCF), occurring continuously around the nominal rolling circle of a wheel as lateral cracks up to 14.5 mm deep, has been observed on some high-power (≥7200 kW) AC locomotives in China. Its characteristics are first explained with data collected during field observations and monitoring tests. Then, a multi-body dynamic model is developed, in combination with the shakedown map and Tγ model, to reveal its initiation mechanisms. It is found that unqualified sand used for adhesion enhancement and complicated environments such as sharp curves and steep slopes are the main causes for RCF.
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